# Simple Calculations – Problems

The first problem of the "Programming Basics" Practical Exam covers simple calculations without checks and loops. Let's take a few examples.

## Problem: Triangle Area

 Triangle in the plane is set by the coordinates of its three vertices. First is set the vertice (x1, y1). Then the other two vertices are set: (x2, y2) and (x3, y3), which lie on a common horizontal line (ie have the same Y coordinates). Write a program that calculates the area of the triangle by the coordinates of its three vertices.

### Input

The console reads 6 integers (one per line): x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3.

• All input numbers are in range [-1000 … 1000].
• It is guaranteed that y2 = y3.

### Output

Print on the console the area of the triangle.

### Sample Input and Output

5
-2
6
1
1
1
7.5 The side of the triangle а = 6 - 1 = 5
The height of the triangle h = 1 - (-2) = 3
Triangle area S = a * h / 2 = 5 * 3 / 2 = 7.5
4
1
-1
-3
3
-3
8 The side of the triangle а = 3 - (-1) = 4
The height of the triangle h = 1 - (-3) = 4
Triangle area S = a * h / 2 = 4 * 4 / 2 = 8

It is important in such types of assignments where some coordinates are given to pay attention to the order in which they are submitted, and to properly understand which of the coordinates we will use and how. In this case, the input is in order x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3. If we do not follow this sequence, the solution becomes wrong. First we write the code that reads the input data:

### Calculate Triangle Side and Height

We have to calculate the side and the height of the triangle. From the pictures, as well as the condition y2 = y3, we notice that the one side is always parallel to the horizontal axis. This means that its length is equal to the length of the segment between its coordinates x2 and x3, which is equal to the difference between the larger and the smaller coordinates. Similarly, we can calculate the height. It will always be equal to the difference between y1 and y2 (or y3, as they are equal). Since we do not know if x2 is greater than x3, or y1 will be below or above the triangle side, we will use the absolute values of the difference to always get positive numbers, because one segment can not have a negative length.

### Calculate and Print Triangle Area

By our familiar formula of finding an area of a triangle we will calculate it. An important thing to keep in mind is that although we get only integers at the input, the area will not always be an integer. That's why we use a variable of type double for the area. We have to convert the right side of the equation, because if we give whole numbers as equation parameters, our result will also be an integer.

The only thing left is to print the area on the console.

## Problem: Bricks

Construction workers have to transfer a total of x bricks. Workers are w and work simultaneously. They transport the bricks in trolleys, each with a capacity of m bricks. Write a program that reads the integers x, w, and m, and calculates how much less courses the workers need to do to transport the bricks.

### Input

The console reads 3 integers (one per line):

• The number of bricks x is read from the first row.
• The number of workers w is read from the second row
• The capacity of the trolley m is read from the third row.

All input numbers are integers in the range [1 … 1000].

### Output

Print on the console the minimum number of courses needed to transport the bricks.

### Sample Input and Output

120
2
30
2 We have 2 workers, each riding on 30 bricks per course. In total, workers are riding 60 bricks per course. To transport 120 bricks, exactly 2 courses are needed.
355
3
10
12 We have 3 workers, each riding on 10 bricks per course. In total, workers are riding 30 bricks per course. To transport 355 bricks, exactly 12 courses are needed: 11 complete courses carry 330 bricks and the last 12th course carries the last 25 bricks.
5
12
30
1 We have 5 workers, each riding on 30 bricks per course. In total, workers are riding 150 bricks per course. In order to transport 5 bricks, only 1 course is sufficient (although incomplete, with only 5 bricks).

### Reading the Input Data and Calculate Bricks per Course

The input is standard, and we only need to be careful about the sequence in which we read the data.

We calculate how many bricks carry workers on a course.

### Calculate and Print needed Courses

By dividing the total number of bricks transferred for 1 course, we will receive the number of courses required to carry them. We have to consider that when dividing whole numbers the remainder is neglected and rounded down always. To avoid this, we will convert the right side of the equation to double and use the Math.Ceiling(…) function to round the result always up. When the bricks can be transferred with an exact number of courses, the division will return a whole number and there will be nothing to round. Accordingly, if not, the result of the division will be the number of exact courses but a decimal fraction. The decimal part will be rounded up and we will get the required 1 course for the remaining bricks.

Finally, we print the result on the console.